Zenit-8 (Oblik) [GDK]
Zenit-4MKM (Gerakl) similar
The Zenit-4MKM, also known as Gerakl or 11F692M, was a soviet optical high resolution reconnaissance satellite of the Vostok-based Zenit-family to replace the earlier Zenit-4MK (Germes).
The satellites consisted of the Vostok-based service and reentry modules and featured an additional maneuvering engine, which was jettisoned before reentry. The spherical reentry module returned both the cameras and the film to earth at the end of the mission. The lifetime of the battery powered spacecraft was typically 12 to 14 days.
39 satellites of this type were launched between 1977 and 1980. The return capsules could be reused several times. The were replaced by the dual-use Zenit-6U (Argon) series.
Nation: | USSR |
---|---|
Type / Application: | Reconnaissance, photo (film return type) |
Operator: | GRU |
Contractors: | TsSKB |
Equipment: | |
Configuration: | Zenit bus |
Propulsion: | 11D82M; S5.120 (maneuver module) |
Power: | Batteries |
Lifetime: | 14 days |
Mass: | 6300 kg |
Orbit: |
Satellite | COSPAR | Date | LS | Launch Vehicle | Remarks | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kosmos 927 (Zenit-4MKM #1, Gerakl #1) | 1977-063A | 12.07.1977 | Pl LC-43/4 | Soyuz-U | ||
Kosmos 932 (Zenit-4MKM #2, Gerakl #2) | 1977-069A | 20.07.1977 | Ba LC-31/6 | Soyuz-U | ||
Kosmos (937b) (Zenit-4MKM #3, Gerakl #3) | 1977-F03 | 10.08.1977 | Ba LC-31/6 | F | Soyuz-U | |
Kosmos 938 (Zenit-4MKM #4, Gerakl #4) | 1977-078A | 24.08.1977 | Pl LC-43/4 | Soyuz-U | ||
Kosmos 953 (Zenit-4MKM #5, Gerakl #5) | 1977-089A | 16.09.1977 | Pl LC-43/3 | Soyuz-U | ||
Kosmos 957 (Zenit-4MKM #6, Gerakl #6) | 1977-098A | 30.09.1977 | Ba LC-31/6 | Soyuz-U | ||
Kosmos 964 (Zenit-4MKM #7, Gerakl #7) | 1977-110A | 04.12.1977 | Pl LC-43/4 | Soyuz-U | ||
Kosmos 969 (Zenit-4MKM #8, Gerakl #8) | 1977-120A | 20.12.1977 | Pl LC-43/4 | Soyuz-U | ||
Kosmos 974 (Zenit-4MKM #9, Gerakl #9) | 1978-001A | 06.01.1978 | Pl LC-43/3 | Soyuz-U | ||
Kosmos 986 (Zenit-4MKM #10, Gerakl #10) | 1978-010A | 24.01.1978 | Ba LC-31/6 | Soyuz-U | ||
Kosmos 987 (Zenit-4MKM #11, Gerakl #11) | 1978-013A | 31.01.1978 | Pl LC-43/4 | Soyuz-U | ||
Kosmos 989 (Zenit-4MKM #12, Gerakl #12) | 1978-017A | 14.02.1978 | Ba LC-31/6 | Soyuz-U | ||
Kosmos 993 (Zenit-4MKM #13, Gerakl #13) | 1978-027A | 10.03.1978 | Pl LC-43/3 | Soyuz-U | ||
Kosmos 999 (Zenit-4MKM #14, Gerakl #14) | 1978-033A | 30.03.1978 | Ba LC-31/6 | Soyuz-U | ||
Kosmos 1003 (Zenit-4MKM #15, Gerakl #15) | 1978-040A | 20.04.1978 | Pl LC-43/4 | Soyuz-U | ||
Kosmos 1007 (Zenit-4MKM #16, Gerakl #16) | 1978-048A | 16.05.1978 | Pl LC-43/3 | Soyuz-U | ||
Kosmos 1021 (Zenit-4MKM #17, Gerakl #17) | 1978-057A | 10.06.1978 | Ba LC-31/6 | Soyuz-U | ||
Kosmos 1022 (Zenit-4MKM #18, Gerakl #18) | 1978-059A | 12.06.1978 | Pl LC-43/3 | Soyuz-U | ||
Kosmos 1029 (Zenit-4MKM #19, Gerakl #19) | 1978-082A | 29.08.1978 | Pl LC-43/4 | Soyuz-U | ||
Kosmos 1031 (Zenit-4MKM #20, Gerakl #20) | 1978-085A | 09.09.1978 | Pl LC-41/1 | Soyuz-U | ||
Kosmos 1042 (Zenit-4MKM #21, Gerakl #21) | 1978-092A | 06.10.1978 | Pl LC-43/3 | Soyuz-U | ||
Kosmos 1047 (Zenit-4MKM #22, Gerakl #22) | 1978-104A | 15.11.1978 | Pl LC-41/1 | Soyuz-U | ||
Kosmos 1049 (Zenit-4MKM #23, Gerakl #23) | 1978-107A | 21.11.1978 | Pl LC-43/4 | Soyuz-U | ||
Kosmos 1059 (Zenit-4MKM #24, Gerakl #24) | 1978-110A | 07.12.1978 | Pl LC-41/1 | Soyuz-U | ||
Kosmos 1068 (Zenit-4MKM #25, Gerakl #25) | 1978-123A | 26.12.1978 | Pl LC-43/4 | Soyuz-U | ||
Kosmos 1071 (Zenit-4MKM #26, Gerakl #26) | 1979-002A | 13.01.1979 | Pl LC-43/4 | Soyuz-U | ||
Kosmos 1073 (Zenit-4MKM #27, Gerakl #27) | 1979-006A | 30.01.1979 | Pl LC-43/4 | Soyuz-U | ||
Kosmos 1078 (Zenit-4MKM #28, Gerakl #28) | 1979-016A | 22.02.1979 | Pl LC-41/1 | Soyuz-U | ||
Kosmos 1080 (Zenit-4MKM #29, Gerakl #29) | 1979-023A | 14.03.1979 | Pl LC-41/1 | Soyuz-U | ||
Kosmos 1098 (Zenit-4MKM #30, Gerakl #30) | 1979-040A | 15.05.1979 | Pl LC-41/1 | Soyuz-U | ||
Kosmos 1113 (Zenit-4MKM #31, Gerakl #31) | 1979-064A | 10.07.1979 | Ba LC-31/6 | Soyuz-U | ||
Kosmos 1117 (Zenit-4MKM #32, Gerakl #32) | 1979-068A | 25.07.1979 | Pl LC-43/3 | Soyuz-U | ||
Kosmos 1120 (Zenit-4MKM #33, Gerakl #33) | 1979-073A | 11.08.1979 | Ba LC-31/6 ? | Soyuz-U | ||
Kosmos 1128 (Zenit-4MKM #34, Gerakl #34) | 1979-081A | 14.09.1979 | Pl LC-43/4 | Soyuz-U | ||
Kosmos 1148 (Zenit-4MKM #35, Gerakl #35) | 1979-106A | 28.12.1979 | Pl LC-43/3 | Soyuz-U | ||
Kosmos 1165 (Zenit-4MKM #36, Gerakl #36) | 1980-017A | 21.02.1980 | Pl LC-43/4 | Soyuz-U | ||
Kosmos 1170 (Zenit-4MKM #37, Gerakl #37) | 1980-025A | 01.04.1980 | Ba LC-1/5 | Soyuz-U | ||
Kosmos 1173 (Zenit-4MKM #38, Gerakl #38) | 1980-029A | 17.04.1980 | Ba LC-1/5 | Soyuz-U | ||
Kosmos 1214 (Zenit-4MKM #39, Gerakl #39) | 1980-082A | 10.10.1980 | Pl LC-41/1 | Soyuz-U |